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Columbia Financial, Inc. Announces Financial Results for the Third Quarter Ended September 30, 2025

FAIR LAWN, N.J., Oct. 20, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Columbia Financial, Inc. (the “Company”) (NASDAQ: CLBK), the mid-tier holding company for Columbia Bank ("Columbia"), reported net income of $14.9 million, or $0.15 per basic and diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $6.2 million, or $0.06 per basic and diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. Earnings for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 reflected higher net interest income due to both an increase in interest income and a decrease in interest expense, a decrease in provision for credit losses and higher non-interest income, partially offset by an increase in non-interest expense and higher income tax expense.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company reported net income of $36.1 million, or $0.35 per basic and diluted share, as compared to $9.6 million, or $0.09 per basic and diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 reflected higher net interest income due to both an increase in interest income and a decrease in interest expense, a decrease in provision for credit losses and higher non-interest income, and a decrease in non-interest expense, partially offset by higher income tax expense.

Mr. Thomas J. Kemly, President and Chief Executive Officer commented: “Our quarterly earnings continue to increase in 2025 driven by net interest margin expansion, strong loan demand, a continued shift in loan mix and a reduction in funding costs. In September, we recommenced our share repurchase program which we believe will contribute to enhanced shareholder value. Our asset quality remains very strong and improved from the prior quarter with a decrease in non-performing assets. We continue to grow the Company's balance sheet towards commercially oriented segments in a very competitive environment, which speaks to the strength of our core customer relationships and the local economy."

Financial Highlights

  • Net interest margin for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 of 2.29% increased 10 basis points from the prior quarter and 45 basis points from the prior year quarter.
  • Loan growth for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 was $97.1 million, resulting in an annualized growth rate of approximately 4.8%.
  • In September 2025, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of 1,800,000 shares. Management commenced share repurchases during September 2025 totaling 183,864 shares.
  • Non-performing assets to total assets at September 30, 2025 was 0.30%, a decrease of 0.07% from 0.37% at June 30, 2025.
     

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024

Net income of $14.9 million was recorded for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $8.7 million, as compared to net income of $6.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily attributable to a $12.1 million increase in net interest income, a $1.8 million decrease in provision for credit losses, and an $889,000 increase in non-interest income, partially offset by a $2.3 million increase in non-interest expense and a $3.8 million increase in income tax expense.

Net interest income was $57.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $12.1 million, or 26.7%, from $45.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was primarily attributable to a $4.5 million increase in interest income and a $7.6 million decrease in interest expense on deposits and borrowings. The increase in interest income was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of loans coupled with an increase in average yields on loans and securities. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company implemented a balance sheet repositioning transaction which resulted in an increase in the average yield on securities and a decrease in the cost of borrowings, which had a notable impact on net interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2025. The 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates during the last four months of 2024, and to a lesser extent, the 25 basis point decrease in market interest rates in September 2025 contributed to lower interest rates paid on new and repricing deposits and borrowings during the quarter ended September 30, 2025. Prepayment penalties, which are included in interest income on loans, totaled $767,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to $171,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

The average yield on loans for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 increased 4 basis points to 5.04%, as compared to 5.00% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. Interest income on loans increased due to an increase in both the average balance and yield on loans. The average yield on securities for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 increased 51 basis points to 3.41%, as compared to 2.90% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. This was primarily a result of lower yielding securities being sold and replaced with higher yielding securities as part of the balance sheet repositioning transaction implemented in the fourth quarter of 2024. The average yield on other interest-earning assets for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 decreased 148 basis points to 5.24%, as compared to 6.72% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, mainly due to a 190 basis point decrease in the dividend rate received on Federal Home Loan Bank stock.

Total interest expense was $63.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $7.6 million, or 10.7%, from $70.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in interest expense was primarily attributable to a 30 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits along with a 50 basis point decrease in the average cost of borrowings, coupled with a decrease in the average balance of borrowings, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits. Interest expense on deposits decreased $2.6 million, or 5.0%, and interest expense on borrowings decreased $5.0 million, or 26.9%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

The Company's net interest margin for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 increased 45 basis points to 2.29% when compared to 1.84%, for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, due to an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets coupled with a decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The weighted average yield on interest-earning assets increased 11 basis points to 4.81% for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as compared to 4.70% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 38 basis points to 3.14% for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as compared to 3.52% for the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

The provision for credit losses for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 was $2.3 million, a decrease of $1.8 million, or 42.9%, from $4.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in provision for credit losses was primarily attributable to a decrease in net charge-offs, which totaled $1.2 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $2.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

Non-interest income was $9.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $889,000, or 9.9%, from $9.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The increase was attributable to an increase of $342,000 in demand deposit account fees mainly related to commercial account treasury services, an increase of $619,000 in loan fees and service charges related to customer swap income, an increase in bank-owned life insurance of $464,000, and an increase in the change in fair value of equity securities of $741,000, partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in other non-interest income, mainly related to interest rate swaps.

Non-interest expense was $45.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $2.3 million, or 5.3%, from $42.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in compensation and employee benefits expense of $1.5 million, an increase in occupancy expense of $461,000, and an increase in data processing and software expenses of $332,000.

Income tax expense was $5.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $3.8 million, as compared to income tax expense of $1.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, mainly due to higher pre-tax income. The Company's effective tax rate was 25.0% and 15.5% for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the 2024 period was primarily impacted by permanent income tax differences.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024

Net income of $36.1 million was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $26.5 million, or 276.9%, compared to net income of $9.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily attributable to a $29.9 million increase in net interest income, a $3.8 million decrease in provision for credit losses, a $2.9 million increase in non-interest income and a $902,000 decrease in non-interest expense, partially offset by a $11.0 million increase in income tax expense.

Net interest income was $161.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $29.9 million, or 22.7%, from $131.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was primarily attributable to an $11.3 million increase in interest income and a $18.6 million decrease in interest expense on deposits and borrowings. The increase in interest income was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of loans coupled with an increase in the average yields on loans and securities. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company implemented a balance sheet repositioning transaction which resulted in an increase in the average yield on securities and a decrease in the cost of borrowings, which had a notable impact on net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates during the last four months of 2024, and, to a lesser extent, the 25 basis point decrease in market interest rates in the September 2025, contributed to a decrease in interest rates paid on new and repricing deposits and borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was also impacted by a decrease in the average balance of borrowings and the decrease in the cost of new borrowings. Prepayment penalties, which are included in interest income on loans, totaled $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $875,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The average yield on loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased 5 basis points to 4.96%, as compared to 4.91% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Interest income on loans increased due to an increase in both the average balance and yield on loans. The average yield on securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased 65 basis points to 3.47%, as compared to 2.82% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This was a result of lower yielding securities sold as part of the balance sheet repositioning transaction implemented in the fourth quarter of 2024 being replaced with higher yielding securities purchased in 2024 and throughout the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The average yield on other interest-earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 96 basis points to 5.39%, as compared to 6.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to lower dividends received on Federal Home Loan Bank stock.

Total interest expense was $187.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $18.6 million, or 9.0%, from $206.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in interest expense was primarily attributable to a 16 basis point decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing deposits along with a 52 basis point decrease in the average cost of borrowings coupled with a decrease in the average balance of borrowings. Interest expense on deposits decreased $1.4 million, or 0.9%, and interest expense on borrowings decreased $17.2 million, or 30.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company's net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased 40 basis points to 2.20%, when compared to 1.80% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net interest margin was due to an increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets coupled with a decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The weighted average yield on interest-earning assets increased 14 basis points to 4.75% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to 4.61% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased 30 basis points to 3.17% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to 3.47% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $7.7 million, a decrease of $3.8 million, or 33.1%, from $11.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in provision for credit losses was primarily attributable to a decrease in net charge-offs, which totaled $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and a decrease in quantitative loss rates based on the evaluation of current and projected economic conditions.

Non-interest income was $28.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $2.9 million, or 11.3%, from $25.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in gain on securities transactions of $1.6 million, an increase of $1.2 million in demand deposit account fees mainly related to commercial account treasury services, an increase of $1.1 million in loan fees and service charges related to customer swap income, an increase in the change in fair value of equity securities of $869,000, and a $281,000 gain on the sale of real estate owned, partially offset by a decrease of $3.2 million in other non-interest income, mainly related to interest rate swaps.

Non-interest expense was $133.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $902,000, or 0.7% from $134.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $3.0 million decrease in professional fees for legal, regulatory and compliance-related costs, a decrease in merger-related expenses of $737,000 and a decrease in other non-interest expense of $1.5 million, partially offset by an increase in compensation and employee benefits expense of $3.9 million and an increase in data processing and software expenses of $615,000. Professional fees for legal, regulatory and compliance-related costs decreased in the 2025 period. Increases in compensation and employee benefits expense and data processing and software expenses represent normal annual increases.

Income tax expense was $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $11.0 million, as compared to income tax expense of $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, mainly due to higher pre-tax income. The Company's effective tax rate was 25.4% and 11.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the 2024 period was impacted by permanent income tax differences.

Balance Sheet Summary

Total assets increased $380.3 million, or 3.6%, to $10.9 billion at September 30, 2025 as compared to $10.5 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase in total assets was primarily attributable to an increase in debt securities available for sale of $54.3 million, and an increase in loans receivable, net, of $349.9 million, partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $35.8 million.
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $35.8 million, or 12.4%, to $253.4 million at September 30, 2025 from $289.2 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to purchases of securities of $219.1 million, purchases of loans of $150.9 million and the origination of loans receivable, partially offset by proceeds from principal repayments on securities of $143.6 million, and repayments on loans receivable.

Debt securities available for sale increased $54.3 million, or 5.3%, to $1.1 billion at September 30, 2025 from $1.0 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase was attributable to purchases of securities of $185.7 million, consisting primarily of U.S. government obligations and mortgage-backed securities, and a decrease in the gross unrealized loss on securities of $31.7 million, partially offset by maturities on securities of $38.5 million, repayments on securities of $115.4 million, and the sale of securities of $15.7 million.

Loans receivable, net, increased $349.9 million, or 4.5%, to $8.2 billion at September 30, 2025 from $7.9 billion at December 31, 2024. Multifamily loans, commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans increased $151.5 million, $192.4 million, and $149.5 million, respectively, partially offset by decreases in one-to-four family real estate loans, construction loans and home equity loans and advances of $127.8 million, $8.3 million, and $2.0 million, respectively. The increase in commercial business loans was primarily due to the purchase of $130.9 million in equipment finance loans from a third party in May 2025, at a $3.2 million discount, which included $5.1 million of purchased credit deteriorated loans ("PCD"). The principal balance of the PCD loans purchased was charged-off by $3.2 million. The allowance for credit losses for loans increased $5.7 million to $65.7 million at September 30, 2025 from $60.0 million at December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in the outstanding balance of loans.

Total liabilities increased $319.8 million, or 3.4%, to $9.7 billion at September 30, 2025 from $9.4 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in total deposits of $144.2 million, or 1.8%, and an increase in borrowings of $182.9 million, or 16.9%, partially offset by a decrease in other liabilities of $6.2 million. The increase in total deposits consisted of increases in non-interest-bearing demand deposits, money market accounts and certificates of deposit of $52.7 million, $154.8 million, and $115.9 million, respectively, partially offset by decreases in interest-bearing demand deposits and savings and club accounts of $165.6 million and $13.6 million, respectively. The $182.9 million increase in borrowings was driven by a net increase in short-term borrowings of $107.0 million, coupled with new long-term borrowings of $155.3 million, partially offset by repayments of $79.4 million in maturing long-term borrowings. A portion of the proceeds from borrowings were utilized to fund the purchase of $130.9 million in equipment finance loans from a third party in May 2025.

Total stockholders’ equity increased $60.6 million, or 5.6%, with a balance of $1.1 billion at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The increase in total stockholders' equity was primarily attributable to net income of $36.1 million, and an increase of $21.5 million in other comprehensive income, which includes changes in unrealized losses on debt securities available for sale and unrealized gains on swap contracts, net of taxes, included in other comprehensive income. This increase was partially offset by the repurchase of 183,864 shares of common stock at a cost of approximately $2.8 million, or $15.43 per share, under our recently announced seventh stock repurchase program.

Asset Quality

The Company's non-performing loans at September 30, 2025 totaled $32.5 million, or 0.40% of total gross loans, as compared to $21.7 million, or 0.28% of total gross loans, at December 31, 2024. The $10.8 million increase in non-performing loans was primarily attributable to a $5.9 million construction loan designated as non-performing during the 2025 period, an increase in non-performing one-to-four family real estate loans of $1.1 million, and an increase in non-performing commercial real estate loans of $2.7 million. The $5.9 million non-performing construction loan was made to finance the construction of a mixed use five-story building with both commercial space and apartments. The increase in non-performing one-to-four family real estate loans was due to an increase in the number of loans from 32 non-performing loans at December 31, 2024 to 38 non-performing loans at September 30, 2025. The increase in non-performing commercial real estate loans was due to an increase in the number of loans from four non-performing loans at December 31, 2024 to eight non-performing loans at September 30, 2025. Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets totaled 0.30% at September 30, 2025, as compared to 0.22% at December 31, 2024.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2025, net charge-offs totaled approximately $1.2 million, as compared to $2.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net charge-offs totaled $5.2 million as compared to $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 included $3.2 million in charge-offs related to PCD loans included in the equipment finance loan purchase noted above.

The Company's allowance for credit losses on loans was $65.7 million, or 0.80% of total gross loans, at September 30, 2025, compared to $60.0 million, or 0.76% of total gross loans, at December 31, 2024. The increase in the allowance for credit losses for loans was primarily due to an increase in the outstanding balance of loans.

About Columbia Financial, Inc.

The consolidated financial results include the accounts of Columbia Financial, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiary Columbia Bank (the "Bank") and the Bank's wholly-owned subsidiaries. Columbia Financial, Inc. is a Delaware corporation organized as Columbia Bank's mid-tier stock holding company. Columbia Financial, Inc. is a majority-owned subsidiary of Columbia Bank, MHC. Columbia Bank is a federally chartered savings bank headquartered in Fair Lawn, New Jersey that operates 69 full-service banking offices and offers traditional financial services to consumers and businesses in its market area.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements herein constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements may be identified by words such as “believes,” “will,” “would,” “expects,” “projects,” “may,” “could,” “developments,” “strategic,” “launching,” “opportunities,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets” and similar expressions. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the Company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors. Factors that could cause such differences to exist include, but are not limited to, adverse conditions in the capital and debt markets and the impact of such conditions on the Company’s business activities; changes in interest rates, higher inflation and their impact on national and local economic conditions; changes in monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Treasury, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other governmental entities; the impact of tariffs, sanctions and other trade policies of the United States and its global trading counterparts; the impact of changing political conditions or federal government shutdowns; the impact of legal, judicial and regulatory proceedings or investigations, competitive pressures from other financial institutions; the effects of general economic conditions on a national basis or in the local markets in which the Company operates, including changes that adversely affect a borrowers’ ability to service and repay the Company’s loans; the effect of acts of terrorism, war or pandemics, including on our credit quality and business operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions; changes in the value of securities in the Company’s portfolio; changes in loan default and charge-off rates; fluctuations in real estate values; the adequacy of loan loss reserves; decreases in deposit levels necessitating increased borrowing to fund loans and securities; legislative changes and changes in government regulation; changes in accounting standards and practices; the risk that goodwill and intangibles recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements will become impaired; cyber-attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our systems and allow unauthorized access to confidential information; the inability of third party service providers to perform; demand for loans in the Company’s market area; the Company’s ability to attract and maintain deposits and effectively manage liquidity; risks related to the implementation of acquisitions, dispositions, and restructurings; the successful implementation of our December 2024 balance sheet repositioning transaction; the risk that the Company may not be successful in the implementation of its business strategy, or its integration of acquired financial institutions and businesses, and changes in assumptions used in making such forward-looking statements which are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to, those set forth in Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and those set forth in the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, all as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which are available at the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. Should one or more of these risks materialize or should underlying beliefs or assumptions prove incorrect, the Company's actual results could differ materially from those discussed. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this release. The Company disclaims any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes, except as required by law.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Reported amounts are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). This press release also contains certain supplemental non-GAAP information that the Company’s management uses in its analysis of the Company’s financial results. Specifically, the Company provides measures based on what it believes are its operating earnings on a consistent basis and excludes material non-routine operating items which affect the GAAP reporting of results of operations. The Company’s management believes that providing this information to analysts and investors allows them to better understand and evaluate the Company’s core financial results for the periods presented. Because non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies' non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names.

The Company also provides measurements and ratios based on tangible stockholders' equity. These measures are commonly utilized by regulators and market analysts to evaluate a company’s financial condition and, therefore, the Company’s management believes that such information is useful to investors.

A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures are included at the end of this press release. See "Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures".

COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(In thousands)
       
  September 30,   December 31,
  2025
  2024
Assets (Unaudited)    
Cash and due from banks $ 253,291   $ 289,113
Short-term investments   111     110
Total cash and cash equivalents   253,402     289,223
       
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value   1,080,229     1,025,946
Debt securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $368,206, and $350,153 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)   399,278     392,840
Equity securities, at fair value   7,967     6,673
Federal Home Loan Bank stock   68,263     60,387
       
Loans receivable   8,272,560     7,916,928
Less: allowance for credit losses   65,659     59,958
Loans receivable, net   8,206,901     7,856,970
       
Accrued interest receivable   42,249     40,383
Office properties and equipment, net   82,814     81,772
Bank-owned life insurance   280,890     274,908
Goodwill and intangible assets   120,914     121,008
Other real estate owned       1,334
Other assets   312,927     324,049
Total assets $ 10,855,834   $ 10,475,493
       
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity      
Liabilities:      
Deposits $ 8,240,321   $ 8,096,149
Borrowings   1,263,483     1,080,600
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance   44,305     45,453
Accrued expenses and other liabilities   166,765     172,915
Total liabilities   9,714,874     9,395,117
       
Stockholders' equity:      
Total stockholders' equity   1,140,960     1,080,376
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 10,855,834   $ 10,475,493
       


COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2025
    2024     2025
    2024  
Interest income: (Unaudited)   (Unaudited)
Loans receivable $ 103,792   $ 97,863     $ 298,548   $ 286,064  
Debt securities available for sale and equity securities   9,858     9,592       29,901     26,618  
Debt securities held to maturity   2,886     2,616       8,619     7,487  
Federal funds and interest-earning deposits   2,623     3,850       7,924     11,872  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends   1,258     1,966       4,079     5,759  
Total interest income   120,417     115,887       349,071     337,800  
Interest expense:              
Deposits   49,569     52,196       149,058     150,440  
Borrowings   13,462     18,416       38,599     55,805  
Total interest expense   63,031     70,612       187,657     206,245  
               
Net interest income   57,386     45,275       161,414     131,555  
               
Provision for credit losses   2,344     4,103       7,745     11,575  
               
Net interest income after provision for credit losses   55,042     41,172       153,669     119,980  
               
Non-interest income:              
Demand deposit account fees   2,037     1,695       5,940     4,698  
Bank-owned life insurance   2,133     1,669       5,982     5,253  
Title insurance fees   684     688       2,191     1,935  
Loan fees and service charges   1,570     951       4,370     3,290  
Gain (loss) on securities transactions             336     (1,256 )
Change in fair value of equity securities   714     (27 )     1,294     425  
Gain on sale of loans   401     459       901     825  
Gain on sale of other real estate owned             281      
Other non-interest income   2,328     3,543       7,216     10,440  
Total non-interest income   9,867     8,978       28,511     25,610  
               
Non-interest expense:              
Compensation and employee benefits   29,248     27,738       86,764     82,910  
Occupancy   6,055     5,594       18,208     17,621  
Federal deposit insurance premiums   1,783     1,518       5,402     5,752  
Advertising   512     766       1,606     2,053  
Professional fees   2,590     2,454       8,624     11,597  
Data processing and software expenses   4,457     4,125       12,621     12,006  
Merger-related expenses       23           737  
Other non-interest expense, net   441     616       612     2,063  
Total non-interest expense   45,086     42,834       133,837     134,739  
               
Income before income tax expense   19,823     7,316       48,343     10,851  
               
Income tax expense   4,955     1,131       12,270     1,281  
               
Net income $ 14,868   $ 6,185     $ 36,073   $ 9,570  
               
Earnings per share-basic $ 0.15   $ 0.06     $ 0.35   $ 0.09  
Earnings per share-diluted $ 0.15   $ 0.06     $ 0.35   $ 0.09  
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic   102,031,221     101,623,160       101,943,317     101,673,619  
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted   102,031,221     101,832,048       101,943,317     101,813,253  


COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Average Balances/Yields
 
  For the Three Months Ended September 30,
    2025       2024  
  Average Balance   Interest and Dividends   Yield / Cost   Average Balance   Interest and Dividends   Yield / Cost
  (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earnings assets:                      
Loans $ 8,165,132     $ 103,792   5.04 %   $ 7,791,131     $ 97,863   5.00 %
Securities   1,481,219       12,744   3.41 %     1,676,781       12,208   2.90 %
Other interest-earning assets   293,903       3,881   5.24 %     344,560       5,816   6.72 %
Total interest-earning assets   9,940,254       120,417   4.81 %     9,812,472       115,887   4.70 %
Non-interest-earning assets   871,010               870,155          
Total assets $ 10,811,264             $ 10,682,627          
                       
Interest-bearing liabilities:                      
Interest-bearing demand $ 1,904,963     $ 10,685   2.23 %   $ 1,970,444     $ 14,581   2.94 %
Money market accounts   1,369,986       9,763   2.83 %     1,250,676       8,256   2.63 %
Savings and club deposits   640,834       1,056   0.65 %     658,628       1,313   0.79 %
Certificates of deposit   2,838,737       28,065   3.92 %     2,589,190       28,046   4.31 %
Total interest-bearing deposits   6,754,520       49,569   2.91 %     6,468,938       52,196   3.21 %
FHLB advances   1,213,787       13,317   4.35 %     1,497,580       18,249   4.85 %
Junior subordinated debentures   7,051       145   8.16 %     7,028       164   9.28 %
Other borrowings           %     217       3   5.50 %
Total borrowings   1,220,838       13,462   4.37 %     1,504,825       18,416   4.87 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities   7,975,358     $ 63,031   3.14 %     7,973,763     $ 70,612   3.52 %
                       
Non-interest-bearing liabilities:                      
Non-interest-bearing deposits   1,489,014               1,411,622          
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities   219,406               235,990          
Total liabilities   9,683,778               9,621,375          
Total stockholders' equity   1,127,486               1,061,252          
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 10,811,264             $ 10,682,627          
                       
Net interest income     $ 57,386           $ 45,275    
Interest rate spread         1.67 %           1.18 %
Net interest-earning assets $ 1,964,896             $ 1,838,709          
Net interest margin         2.29 %           1.84 %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities   124.64 %             123.06 %        


COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Average Balances/Yields
 
  For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
    2025       2024  
  Average Balance   Interest and Dividends   Yield / Cost   Average Balance   Interest and Dividends   Yield / Cost
  (Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earnings assets:                      
Loans $ 8,040,666     $ 298,548   4.96 %   $ 7,789,356     $ 286,064   4.91 %
Securities   1,484,237       38,520   3.47 %     1,618,319       34,105   2.82 %
Other interest-earning assets   297,563       12,003   5.39 %     370,749       17,631   6.35 %
Total interest-earning assets   9,822,466       349,071   4.75 %     9,778,424       337,800   4.61 %
Non-interest-earning assets   867,884               864,036          
Total assets $ 10,690,350             $ 10,642,460          
                       
Interest-bearing liabilities:                      
Interest-bearing demand $ 1,967,414     $ 33,121   2.25 %   $ 1,972,520     $ 41,673   2.82 %
Money market accounts   1,328,675       28,425   2.86 %     1,235,520       25,349   2.74 %
Savings and club deposits   645,055       3,278   0.68 %     673,930       3,920   0.78 %
Certificates of deposit   2,795,026       84,234   4.03 %     2,550,634       79,498   4.16 %
Total interest-bearing deposits   6,736,170       149,058   2.96 %     6,432,604       150,440   3.12 %
FHLB advances   1,164,942       38,174   4.38 %     1,507,045       55,316   4.90 %
Junior subordinated debentures   7,043       425   8.07 %     7,023       486   9.24 %
Other borrowings           %     73       3   5.49 %
Total borrowings   1,171,985       38,599   4.40 %     1,514,141       55,805   4.92 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities   7,908,155     $ 187,657   3.17 %     7,946,745     $ 206,245   3.47 %
                       
Non-interest-bearing liabilities:                      
Non-interest-bearing deposits   1,455,365               1,406,666          
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities   218,546               243,848          
Total liabilities   9,582,066               9,597,259          
Total stockholders' equity   1,108,284               1,045,201          
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 10,690,350             $ 10,642,460          
                       
Net interest income     $ 161,414           $ 131,555    
Interest rate spread         1.58 %           1.15 %
Net interest-earning assets $ 1,914,311             $ 1,831,679          
Net interest margin         2.20 %           1.80 %
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities   124.21 %             123.05 %        


COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Components of Net Interest Rate Spread and Margin
 
  Average Yields/Costs by Quarter
  September 30,
2025
  June 30,
2025
  March 31,
2025
  December 31,
2024
  September 30,
2024
Yield on interest-earning assets:                  
Loans 5.04 %   4.96 %   4.89 %   4.88 %   5.00 %
Securities 3.41     3.55     3.45     2.99     2.90  
Other interest-earning assets 5.24     5.16     5.75     6.00     6.72  
Total interest-earning assets 4.81 %   4.75 %   4.69 %   4.61 %   4.70 %
                   
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities:                  
Total interest-bearing deposits 2.91 %   2.95 %   3.01 %   3.13 %   3.21 %
Total borrowings 4.37     4.40     4.44     4.65     4.87  
Total interest-bearing liabilities 3.14 %   3.18 %   3.21 %   3.38 %   3.52 %
                   
Interest rate spread 1.67 %   1.57 %   1.48 %   1.23 %   1.18 %
Net interest margin 2.29 %   2.19 %   2.11 %   1.88 %   1.84 %
                   
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities 124.64 %   124.01 %   123.96 %   124.02 %   123.06 %


COLUMBIA FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Selected Financial Highlights
   
  September 30,
2025
  June 30,
2025
  March 31,
2025
  December 31,
2024
  September 30,
2024
SELECTED FINANCIAL RATIOS(1):                  
Return on average assets 0.55 %   0.46 %   0.34 %   (0.79 )%   0.23 %
Core return on average assets 0.56 %   0.47 %   0.35 %   0.42 %   0.23 %
Return on average equity 5.23 %   4.46 %   3.31 %   (7.86 )%   2.32 %
Core return on average equity 5.41 %   4.58 %   3.37 %   4.09 %   2.29 %
Core return on average tangible equity 6.04 %   5.14 %   3.78 %   4.74 %   2.58 %
Interest rate spread 1.67 %   1.57 %   1.48 %   1.23 %   1.18 %
Net interest margin 2.29 %   2.19 %   2.11 %   1.88 %   1.84 %
Non-interest income to average assets 0.36 %   0.38 %   0.33 %   (0.88 )%   0.33 %
Non-interest expense to average assets 1.65 %   1.68 %   1.68 %   1.73 %   1.60 %
Efficiency ratio 67.04 %   70.30 %   74.57 %   205.17 %   78.95 %
Core efficiency ratio 66.04 %   69.41 %   74.20 %   73.68 %   79.14 %
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities 124.64 %   124.01 %   123.96 %   124.02 %   123.06 %
Net charge-offs to average outstanding loans(2) 0.04 %   0.04 %   0.04 %   0.07 %   0.14 %
                   
(1)Ratios are annualized when appropriate.
(2)The June 30, 2025 ratio includes $3.2 million of non-annualized PCD charge-offs related to the purchased commercial equipment finance loans.


ASSET QUALITY DATA:  
  September 30,
2025
  June 30,
2025
  March 31,
2025
  December 31,
2024
  September 30,
2024
  (Dollars in thousands)
                   
Non-accrual loans $ 32,529     $ 39,545     $ 24,856     $ 21,701     $ 28,014  
90+ and still accruing                            
Non-performing loans   32,529       39,545       24,856       21,701       28,014  
Real estate owned               1,334       1,334       1,974  
Total non-performing assets $ 32,529     $ 39,545     $ 26,190     $ 23,035     $ 29,988  
                   
Non-performing loans to total gross loans   0.40 %     0.49 %     0.31 %     0.28 %     0.36 %
Non-performing assets to total assets   0.30 %     0.37 %     0.25 %     0.22 %     0.28 %
Allowance for credit losses on loans ("ACL") $ 65,659     $ 64,467     $ 62,034     $ 59,958     $ 58,495  
ACL to total non-performing loans   201.85 %     163.02 %     249.57 %     276.29 %     208.81 %
ACL to gross loans   0.80 %     0.79 %     0.78 %     0.76 %     0.75 %


LOAN DATA:  
  September 30,
2025
  June 30,
2025
  March 31,
2025
  December 31,
2024
  September 30,
2024
  (In thousands)
Real estate loans:          
One-to-four family $ 2,583,162     $ 2,629,372     $ 2,676,566     $ 2,710,937     $ 2,737,190  
Multifamily   1,612,105       1,578,733       1,567,862       1,460,641       1,399,000  
Commercial real estate   2,532,329       2,517,693       2,429,429       2,339,883       2,312,759  
Construction   465,283       415,403       437,081       473,573       510,439  
Commercial business loans   771,486       726,526       614,049       622,000       586,447  
Consumer loans:                  
Home equity loans and advances   256,970       256,384       253,439       259,009       261,041  
Other consumer loans   2,725       2,602       2,547       3,404       2,877  
Total gross loans   8,224,060       8,126,713       7,980,973       7,869,447       7,809,753  
Purchased credit deteriorated loans   10,920       11,998       10,395       11,686       11,795  
Net deferred loan costs, fees and purchased premiums and discounts   37,580       36,788       35,940       35,795       35,642  
Allowance for credit losses   (65,659 )     (64,467 )     (62,034 )     (59,958 )     (58,495 )
Loans receivable, net $ 8,206,901     $ 8,111,032     $ 7,965,274     $ 7,856,970     $ 7,798,695  


  At September 30, 2025
  (Dollars in thousands)
  Balance   % of Gross Loans   Weighted Average Loan to Value Ratio   Weighted Average Debt Service Coverage
Multifamily Real Estate $ 1,612,105   20.2 %   59.0 %   1.55
               
Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate $ 674,630   8.5 %   52.1 %   2.26
               
Investor Owned Commercial Real Estate:              
Retail / Shopping centers $ 547,192   6.9 %   54.5 %   1.44
Mixed Use   234,101   2.9     58.0     2.39
Industrial / Warehouse   433,719   5.4     54.3     1.60
Non-Medical Office   176,434   2.2     51.5     1.68
Medical Office   100,949   1.3     60.4     1.48
Single Purpose   63,940   0.8     62.4     1.40
Other   301,364   3.8     50.3     1.86
Total $ 1,857,699   23.3 %   54.5 %   1.69
               
Total Multifamily and Commercial Real Estate Loans $ 4,144,434   51.9 %   55.9 %   1.73
               
As of September 30, 2025, the Company had loan exposures of approximately $814,000 and $850,000 related to office and rent stabilized multifamily in New York City, respectively.

.

DEPOSIT DATA:  
  September 30, 2025   June 30, 2025   March 31, 2025   December 31, 2024
  Balance   Weighted Average Rate   Balance   Weighted Average Rate   Balance   Weighted Average Rate   Balance   Weighted Average Rate
  (Dollars in thousands)
       
Non-interest-bearing demand $ 1,490,722   %   $ 1,439,951   %   $ 1,490,243   %   $ 1,438,030   %
Interest-bearing demand   1,855,724   2.04       1,872,265   2.03       1,935,384   2.08       2,021,312   2.19  
Money market accounts   1,396,474   2.74       1,355,682   2.79       1,333,668   2.84       1,241,691   2.82  
Savings and club deposits   638,857   0.61       644,761   0.70       651,713   0.70       652,501   0.75  
Certificates of deposit   2,858,544   3.89       2,822,824   3.96       2,783,927   4.08       2,742,615   4.24  
Total deposits $ 8,240,321   2.32 %   $ 8,135,483   2.36 %   $ 8,194,935   2.40 %   $ 8,096,149   2.47 %


CAPITAL RATIOS:      
  September 30,   December 31,
  2025(1)   2024
Company:      
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) 14.88 %   14.20 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 14.01 %   13.40 %
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 13.92 %   13.31 %
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets) 10.40 %   10.02 %
       
Columbia Bank:      
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets) 13.95 %   14.41 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 13.08 %   13.56 %
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets) 13.08 %   13.56 %
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets) 9.71 %   9.64 %
       
(1)Estimated ratios at September 30, 2025      


Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
           
Book and Tangible Book Value per Share
      September 30,   December 31,
        2025       2024  
      (Dollars in thousands)
       
Total stockholders' equity     $ 1,140,960     $ 1,080,376  
Less: goodwill       (110,715 )     (110,715 )
Less: core deposit intangible       (7,434 )     (8,964 )
Total tangible stockholders' equity     $ 1,022,811     $ 960,697  
           
Shares outstanding       104,743,273       104,759,185  
           
Book value per share     $ 10.89     $ 10.31  
Tangible book value per share     $ 9.76     $ 9.17  


Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (continued)
               
Reconciliation of Core Net Income              
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    2025     2024       2025     2024
  (In thousands)
               
Net income $ 14,868   $ 6,185     $ 36,073     $ 9,570
Less/add: (gain) loss on securities transactions, net of tax             (251 )     1,130
Add: FDIC special assessment, net of tax       (107 )           385
Add: severance expense, net of tax   503           1,020       67
Add: merger-related expenses, net of tax       19             691
Add: litigation expenses, net of tax             242      
Core net income $ 15,371   $ 6,097     $ 37,084     $ 11,843


Return on Average Assets              
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    2025       2024       2025       2024  
  (Dollars in thousands)
               
Net income $ 14,868     $ 6,185     $ 36,073     $ 9,570  
               
Average assets $ 10,811,264     $ 10,682,627     $ 10,690,350     $ 10,642,460  
               
Return on average assets   0.55 %     0.23 %     0.45 %     0.12 %
               
Core net income $ 15,371     $ 6,097     $ 37,084     $ 11,843  
               
Core return on average assets   0.56 %     0.23 %     0.46 %     0.15 %


Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (continued)
               
Return on Average Equity              
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    2025       2024       2025       2024  
  (Dollars in thousands)
               
Total average stockholders' equity $ 1,127,486     $ 1,061,252     $ 1,108,284     $ 1,045,201  
Less/add: (gain)loss on securities transactions, net of tax               (251 )     1,130  
Add: FDIC special assessment, net of tax         (107 )           385  
Add: severance expense, net of tax   503             1,020       67  
Add: merger-related expenses, net of tax         19             691  
Add: litigation expenses, net of tax               242        
Core average stockholders' equity $ 1,127,989     $ 1,061,164     $ 1,109,295     $ 1,047,474  
               
Return on average equity   5.23 %     2.32 %     4.35 %     1.22 %
               
Core return on core average equity   5.41 %     2.29 %     4.47 %     1.51 %


Return on Average Tangible Equity        
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    2025       2024       2025       2024  
  (Dollars in thousands)
               
Total average stockholders' equity $ 1,127,486     $ 1,061,252     $ 1,108,284     $ 1,045,201  
Less: average goodwill   (110,715 )     (110,715 )     (110,715 )     (110,715 )
Less: average core deposit intangible   (7,742 )     (9,842 )     (8,252 )     (10,391 )
Total average tangible stockholders' equity $ 1,009,029     $ 940,695     $ 989,317     $ 924,095  
               
Core return on average tangible equity   6.04 %     2.58 %     5.01 %     1.71 %


Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (continued)
               
Efficiency Ratios              
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    2025       2024       2025       2024  
  (Dollars in thousands)
               
Net interest income $ 57,386     $ 45,275     $ 161,414     $ 131,555  
Non-interest income   9,867       8,978       28,511       25,610  
Total income $ 67,253     $ 54,253     $ 189,925     $ 157,165  
               
Non-interest expense $ 45,086     $ 42,834     $ 133,837     $ 134,739  
               
Efficiency ratio   67.04 %     78.95 %     70.47 %     85.73 %
               
Non-interest income $ 9,867     $ 8,978     $ 28,511     $ 25,610  
Less /add: (gain) loss on securities transactions               (336 )     1,256  
Core non-interest income $ 9,867     $ 8,978     $ 28,175     $ 26,866  
               
Non-interest expense $ 45,086     $ 42,834     $ 133,837     $ 134,739  
Less: FDIC special assessment, net         126             (439 )
Less: severance expense   (670 )           (1,365 )     (74 )
Less: merger-related expenses         (23 )           (737 )
Less: litigation expenses               (325 )      
Core non-interest expense $ 44,416     $ 42,937     $ 132,147     $ 133,489  
               
Core efficiency ratio   66.04 %     79.14 %     69.70 %     84.26 %


Columbia Financial, Inc.

Investor Relations Department
(833) 550-0717


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